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an alloy of gold and tin is a compound that contains other metals such as copper, silver, or platinum to increase the strength or hardness of gold. Typically, this process is done for technical purposes such as making coins and jewelry.
Pure gold is rated 24 carats; an alloy containing less than this amount is rated less than 24 carats and can have different gold contents based on how many parts of the other metals are present. An alloy containing one part of gold and seven parts of the other metals is rated 14 karats, and so on.
Alloys are made from combinations of metals or other elements to impart properties such as elasticity, hardness, and corrosion resistance that the individual components would not normally have. For example, aluminium is a very soft metal; but when alloyed with copper it becomes much stronger than pure aluminium.
Other common alloys include nickel and titanium. Nitinol is a shape-memory alloy that is used in eyeglass frames, medical items, and temperature switches. Pewter is a malleable, durable alloy that resists crumbling at low temperatures and is harder than pure tin.
Tin has several unusual chemical properties that are characteristic of it and its compounds. For instance, tin is an excellent acid-resistant material; it reacts slowly with dilute acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. It also does not react quickly with halogens (e.g., chlorine and bromine). When tin is cooled to temperatures below about 13degC it changes from a white crystalline powder to gray amorphous powder.