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Iron Oxide Fe3O4 Powder Properties And Preparation

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Iron oxide Fe3O4 is an inorganic material with a chemical composition of Fe3O4. The magnetic black crystal is called magnetic iron dioxide.

Iron Oxide Fe3O4 Powder Properties

Ferric oxide cannot be dissolved in organic solvents, such as water or alkali solutions. Natural ferroferric dioxide is insoluble when dissolved in acid. It is readily oxidized in humid air to iron oxide (Fe2O3).
The black Fe3O4 is an iron oxide with mixed valence, melting at 1597degC. It has a density of 5,18g/cm3. Fe3O4 Powder is not soluble with water, but is soluble with acid solutions. At room temperature, it appears as magnetite. It has a high conductivity and strong submagnetism.

Fe3O4 exhibits anti-corrosion properties. In the case of bluing steel parts, also known as blue-burning or baking blue, an alkaline-oxidizing solution is used to produce a blue-black film of Fe3O4 on the steel surface. Used to improve corrosion resistance, aesthetics and gloss.

Iron Oxide Fe3O4 Powder Preparation

The main methods used to prepare nano-Fe3O4 are the hydrothermal method (solvothermal), the microemulsification technique, and the sol-gel technique.

1. Precipitation methods
Precipitation, a simple method with low costs, high purity, and uniformity, is the method most often used to prepare nanoparticles. This method is also suitable for large-scale manufacturing. The most common precipitation methods are co-precipitation and hydrolytic precipitation. Ultrasonic precipitation is also used, as well as alkoxide hydrogenation and chelate breakdown.

2. Hydrothermal (solvothermal method)
The hydrothermal reaction (solvothermal reaction) is a term used to describe chemical processes that are carried out under high pressure and temperature in fluids, such as aqueous (organic) solvents or steam. The Fe3O4 obtained by the hydrothermal process has a particle size that is small and uniform, it does not need high-temperature calcination to prepare, and the multivalent ions can be doped.

3. Microemulsification method
The microemulsification technique is the process of creating an emulsion using two immiscible solutions under the influence of surfactants. In this method, amphiphilic molecule divides the medium in tiny spaces that form a small reactor, where the reactants are able to react and produce a solid. The microreactor limits the nucleation, growth of crystals, coalescence, agglomeration processes, so that nanoparticles are formed with a surfactant layer and have a specific structure and morphology.

4. Sol-gel method
The method is based on the hydrolysis of metal alkoxides, followed by polymerization to produce a uniform sol containing metal oxides or hydroxides. They are then concentrated into a clear gel. The gel is dried, and then heat-treated in order to obtain superfine powder.

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