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Iron sulfide, also known as ferrous sulfide (FeS) is a water-insoluble compound. It is formed when sulfur reacts with iron and is commonly present in sour systems due to hydrogen sulfide formation during gas production from sulfate-reducing bacteria, thermal degradation of organic sulfur compounds or acid treatment of a deep sour well. When it deposits in equipment, it creates pyrophoric black powder that can ignite spontaneously and pose a significant HSSE risk. Accurate prediction models that can control iron sulfide formation are essential for optimizing a production system.
The solubility of an iron sulfide salt is determined by the equilibrium equation: s M = (2
When compared with 100 wt.% HCl, 75 wt.% NEFAS achieved 83 g/L solubility of the sample in 6 h of soaking. This represents a 25% savings in acid cost over HCl.
NEFAS is a unique formulation that combines the effectiveness of a chelating agent with an effective dissolving agent for sour systems. It was used to remove pyrite iron sulfide scale from the Flowline filtration and primary separator at an oil field in the Permian Basin. The pyrite scale contained 80% pyrite and was removed with a solution that contained 20 wt.% diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) at pH 11 and 9 wt.% potassium carbonate as a catalyst.