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Silicon nitride is one of the hardest substances in the world and is known for its high strength. The chemically inert material is also known for its amazing abrasion resistance, which makes it suitable for use as an abrasive and cutting tool.
A variety of chemical reactions can be used to produce silicon nitride powder, including carbothermal reduction and sol-gel (silicon gel containing ultrafine carbon particles). The most common method for producing high-purity powder is to apply a high pressure/heat process called HIping. This process is used to increase the density of the powder and improve its mechanical properties.
This material is ideal for aerospace applications due to its lightweight and high strength. Its low thermal expansion coefficient allows it to resist extreme temperatures and withstand shock, making it a great choice for the demanding environments found in aircraft engines.
It has excellent dielectric properties and is an excellent alternative to metals for applications that require transmission of radio waves. It also possesses good fracture toughness and wear resistance.
The hardness of this material can be further enhanced through a range of advanced processing techniques. This includes sintering and HIPing, which is a process whereby the nitride powder is isostatically pressed in a pressure chamber with an inert gas.
This is the most cost-effective route to creating high-quality powder. The nitride can then be chemically treated or deposited on to semiconductor substrates using a low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) technology. It is also a useful coating for solar cells, as it provides an anti-reflection layer and reduces the amount of light that is reflected by the surface.