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Sodium benzoate is a chemical which is used in medicines, food and cosmetics. It is a preservative and a flavoring agent. In food products it inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and fungi.
The active ingredient of sodium benzoate is benzoic acid. This is a naturally occurring compound found in many fruits and vegetables. However, it is toxic to humans and is known to cause a range of diseases.
Some of the symptoms of benzoic acid toxicity include weight loss and diarrhea. In addition, it may change the permeability of the cell membrane. Benzoic acid toxicity can also impair the absorption of amino acids on the cell membrane.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first recognized the potential effects of sodium benzoate in the 1990s. Several studies were carried out, and early results showed a drop in serum glycine with an oral dose of a high concentration of sodium benzoate.
One randomized controlled cross-over clinical trial tested the effect of sodium benzoate on glucose challenge in 14 overweight but otherwise healthy adults. Researchers compared the taste of beverages containing a different amount of sodium benzoate to a beverage without it. Benzoate-containing drinks were not deemed to have a significantly different flavor.
A second study investigated the effects of E 211, a benzoate substitute, on mycelial fungi. Among other effects, the compound suppresses the activity of D-amino acid oxidase. During this process, the compound changes the way that DNA replication takes place.
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