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Sodium chloride, or table salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl. It is a common salt and occurs naturally in seawater, natural brines, and rock salt.
It is an important component of the food we eat. It is also an essential component of a variety of industrial chemicals. It is used for ice and snow removal, water conditioning, and de-icing roads.
When dissolved in water, sodium chloride dissociates into sodium and chlorine ions. The ions interact with water molecules by changing the intermolecular forces between them. They alter hydrogen bonding and ion-dipole interactions between the water molecules.
The ions in sodium chloride form crystals with cubic symmetry. In these crystalline structures, the larger chloride ions are arranged in a cubic close-packing, while the smaller sodium ions fill the octahedral gaps between them.
This alternating pattern of positive and negative ions creates a highly stable structure that is difficult to disrupt, even when a lot of energy is applied. It is one of the most common kinds of crystalline structures found in ionic compounds.
There are a number of other ionic compounds that have similar kinds of crystalline structures. For example, bromine is also a highly organized ionic compound that forms cubic crystals.
The boiling point of a compound is determined by its molecular mass and surface area. For example, bromine has a higher boiling point than helium because it has more london forces between its molecules.