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tungsten vi oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen and the transition metal tungsten with formula WO3. It is a yellow crystalline solid. WO3 is insoluble in water and is thermally stable making it suitable for ceramic applications such as clay bowls. Moreover, it has excellent mechanical properties and high melting temperature that are desirable in the manufacture of filaments for x-ray tubes. In addition to its usefulness in ceramics, WO3 has been analyzed for use as an electrochemical catalyst in the cathode of solid-oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems because it exhibits ionic conductivity.
The most important research on WO3 and its composites focuses on morphology control to improve optical absorption, charge separation, and redox capability as well as enhancing its utilization efficiency in the visible spectrum. The most popular method is to perform hydrothermal treatment with various precursors in a liquid solution to obtain a wide range of morphologies. This is a well-established method and provides a platform for constructing novel hybrid materials with excellent properties.
Recently, WO3 has received attention as an efficient material for supercapacitor electrodes because it exhibits high discharge capacity and cycling stability. In order to enhance the performance of WO3 for energy storage, researchers have explored the use of perovskite structured WO3 and its hybrids. For example, the flower-like WO3/CoWO4/Co composite nanopowder has been shown to demonstrate superior cycling performance compared with pristine WO3. The synthesis of perovskite-structured WO3 is also promising and can be performed using the inductively coupled thermal plasma (ICTP) process.