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yttrium arsenate is a rare-earth compound used as an alternative to lead in making glass. The metal is also found in a number of commercial alloys and in high-temperature superconductors. Yttrium and its compounds are also found in household equipment such as energy-saving lamps, colour television screens and colour printers, and in industrial processes, such as metallurgy, glass manufacture and chemical production.
Unlike the other elements in Group 3, yttrium is fairly stable in air and only begins oxidation rapidly above 400 degC, producing the soluble oxide yttrium(III) dioxide (Y2O3). It reacts readily with diluted acids, except hydrofluoric acid (HF) which forms an insoluble protective layer of YF3 on its surface. Shavings or turnings of the metal ignite readily in air, burning white-hot. Yttrium is paramagnetic and possesses a low melting point.
Yttrium(III) arsenate has a chemical behaviour similar to that of other rare-earth metals. Its ionic radius is close to that of dysprosium and holmium, and it forms a series of white salts including the sulfate, trichloride and carbonate. It is a rare chemical, which can be obtained only from two different types of ores. Its environmental impact is significant, as yttrium compounds are disposed of in petrol-producing industries and when household equipment is thrown away. This leads to a slow accumulation of the element in water soils, and can cause lung embolisms in humans, and cancer in animal species. A topological analysis of the yttrium arsenate bonding was carried out using QTAIM-derived localization parameters (l). These indicate that as l increases from 1 to 2 and 3 the ionic contribution to the YAs bonding increases, but the non-ionic contribution remains small.