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Eco-Friendly Method to Convert Silicon Waste into Nanoparticles

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Solar panels are increasingly based on silicon. Solar panels have a 25- to 30-year lifespan and tend to degrade with time. They also generate less electricity.By 2050 the Earth will have 60 million tons of waste panels if we don’t recycle our silicon waste.
Stanislav EVLASSIN, a senior scientist at Skoltech Center for Design, Manufacturing, and Materials, (CDMM), led a group of researchers to demonstrate an easy, 100% efficient technique for converting silicon wafers in aqueous solution into nanoparticles. This discovery may lead to a more environmentally friendly method of recycling silicon without toxic chemicals.
The new conversion method is controlled and can control the nanoparticles’ size. They can then be used in fields like medicine, optics, and photonics.
You can convert old panels to nanoparticles by using hydrothermal reactions in an aqueous solution. The process allows for the control of the size of the particles in the range 8-50 nm.
The environmental impact of nanomaterials and pollutants can be measured using the Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

The team used silicon wafers of three different types: N type (nitrogen-doped), phosphorus-doped, and HR (high resistance). Based on density functional theories, their theoretical estimation proved that SiH bonds form on the surface of HR plates without ammonia as a catalyser.
The reaction can also be accelerated by adding additives like boron, phosphorus or molecular defects to solar panels.
Alkoxides are used as a precursor in the vast majority of bottom-up methods to synthesize nanoparticles. Contrary to this, our top-down method uses bulk silicon as a source. This creates many advantages, including simplicity, scalability and controllable particles sizes.
Bondareva said: “Temperature is the most important parameter that influences particle size distribution. We observed that increasing pH had a large impact on the particle formation rate. “This is why we use the ammonia which speeds up the reaction.”
We then decided to investigate how nanoparticles form in this process. In order to achieve this, we used an heterogeneous-nucleation model that had a small number of nucleation center distributed on top of the silicon.
The chemistry of silicon nanoparticles
Silicon nanoparticles, also known as SiNPs, are biocompatible quantum dots without metal. They can be made in any size and surface. Silicon nanoparticles contain pure amorphous, nano-silica. The particle size range is less than 5 nm, which is a small range. Nano-silicon Powder is a semiconductor material that has a large bandgap. In addition, it’s a material with a powerful light source.
Silicon nanoparticles, as we know, are absorptive (abrasive) and mesoporous. They have important applications for nanotechnology, drug delivery, and medicine. The unique photoluminescence of silicon nanoparticles and their physical properties have made them a popular choice for many applications in recent decades.
What uses are there for silicon nanoparticles
1. Raw material for organic silicon polymer materials that can react organically.
2. Polysilicon is made by purifying metal silicon.
3. Metal surface treatment.
4. Graphite or nano-carbon as an alternative material for the negative electrode of a lithium-ion cell can increase the capacity of this battery.
The chemical and physical properties of silicon nanoparticles
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