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Silica gel, or activated silica, is a granular form of silicon dioxide. It has an extremely high surface area, allowing it to adsorb water. Silica gel adsorbs water at a very high rate, making it an effective desiccant. It is able to hold up to 37% of its weight in water, and can be regenerated by heating. Silica gel can also be used to control humidity. It can help to prevent food spoilage, protect electronics and chemicals, and help dry air in compressed air systems.
The boiling point of silica gel depends on its chemical makeup, and the pore size of the gel. A larger pore size will result in a lower boiling point. However, even a smaller pore size can still have a very high boiling point. This is due to the fact that smaller pores are more closely packed together, and therefore have a higher surface area.
As the sorbent becomes more hydrated, the pore structure changes. This can cause a shift in the boiling point and a decrease in the retention volume. The pore structure is also influenced by the gel time, and it is possible to achieve high solubility with a short gel time.
Silica gel is usually packaged in small, cylindrical canisters that are unable to be opened and reopened easily. This can pose a hazard for people with conditions that may increase their risk of esophageal obstruction. For this reason, the canisters should not be used in patients with a pre-existing esophageal stricture.